These are Online Notes on "Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers" (Chapter=>11 ) for practice of CBSE BOARD, CBSE NEET, CSIR NET Chemical Sciences etc.
Top concepts:
1. Structure of alcohols, phenols and ethers:
2. Preparation of alcohols:
3. Preparation of phenols:
4. Physical properties of alcohols and phenols:
a. Boiling points:
• Boiling points of alcohols and phenols are higher in comparison to other classes of compounds, namely hydrocarbons, ethers, haloalkanes and haloarenes of comparable molecular masses. This is because the –OH group in alcohols and phenols is involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
• The boiling points of alcohols and phenols increase with
increase in the number of carbon atoms. This is because of
increase in van der Waals forces with increase in surface
area.
• In alcohols, the boiling points decrease with increase of
branching in carbon chain. This is because of decrease in van
der Waals forces with decrease in surface area.
b. Solubility:
• Solubility of alcohols and phenols are soluble in water due to
their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
The solubility of alcohols decreases with increase in size of
alkyl/aryl (hydrophobic) groups.
5. Chemical properties of alcohols:
a. Reactions involving cleavage of O–H bond: Alcohols react as
nucleophiles:
b. Reactions involving cleavage of carbon – oxygen (C–O) bond in
Alcohols: Protonated alcohols react as electrophiles:
c. Dehydration
d. Oxidation
6. Reactions of alcohols and phenols involving cleavage of O–H
bond:
a. Reaction with metals:
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